Nutrition Foundation for Athletes- QUALITY, QUANITITY, FREQUENCY
Quality – The demand placed on one’s body to endure ongoing training and performance requires proper nutrition. The following is considered essential for optimal performance and to protect your overall health.
Antioxidant Power –Consume 5-9 ( ½ cup servings) per day – 1 from each group.
RED: (Lycopene, Capsanthin) Blood Flow and Circulation
Bell peppers, watermelon, tomatoes, red grapes, apples, potatoes
BLUE/PURPLE: (Quercetin, Anthocyanin) Reduce inflammation, Improve memory
Blueberries, blackberries, eggplant, asparagus, dark cherries
ORANGE/YELLOW: (beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin) Eyes and Immune system
Carrots, pumpkin, oranges, cantaloupe, yellow squash
WHITE: (Allincin, Flavanol) Help with blood flow and free radical protection
Garlic, cauliflower, pears, potatoes, onion, banana
GREEN: (Chlorophyll, Lutein) Strong bones, teeth and vision
Broccoli, spinach, kale, peas, eggs, zucchini, brussel sprouts, kiwi
(PLEASE NOTE: This is not an all inclusive list!)
SAFE Supplements (TAKE only as prescribed on the label)
Omega 3 Fatty Acid 1 to 3 g/day
Folic Acid – 400 IU/day
Calcium – 1000 mg/day
Vitamin D3 – 600 IU/day
Quantity – The amount of food needed is different based on training, age, gender, genetics and body size. The following are suggested amounts of the carbohydrate, protein and fat you need each day. A dietitian can tell you how many servings to consume from each food group to achieve your personal nutritional goals.
- Carbohydrate: (CHO) Carbohydrate is the main source of energy your body uses during exercise. The amount that you need depends on caloric expenditure which varies. In general, a person should have 6 to 10 grams (g) of CHO for each kilogram (kg) (g/kg) of body weight per day. To find your weight in kg, divide your weight in pounds by 2.2. Then multiply this number by your carbohydrate needs. For example, an athletic man who weighs 160 lbs needs 436-727g CHO per day. All fruit, vegetables, dairy, and “whole” grains contain CHO. Suggested grains include quinoa, barley, oats, rye bread, red potatoes, brown rice, whole wheat pasta and whole grain cereals.
- Protein: (PRO) Protein helps to build and repair muscle, produce hormones, boost your immune system and replace blood cells. The amount of protein you need is only slightly higher than the amount suggested for people who do not exercise. Endurance athletes (such as those who run, bike, or swim for long periods of time) need 1.2 to 1.4 g/kg per day. Athletes who do resistance or strength training (such as weight-lifting) need 1.6 to 1.7 g/kg per day. For example, a 160 lbs (73 kg) man who trains for and runs marathons would need about 88-102g per day. People can usually meet their needs for protein by following a balanced diet. (6oz chicken breast = 42g PRO) Good food sources of protein are lean meat (loin), poultry (white meat), eggs (3 per/wk), egg whites, 1% or skim milk, cheese, peanut butter (without additives) and whole beans (all varieties). Protein or amino acid supplements are not needed if you follow a healthy and balanced diet.
- Fat: Fat provides energy, is a structural component of cell membranes, precursor of hormones and vitamins that you need to survive. You need at least 25% percent of your total calories to come from fat each day. For example, a man who needs 3000 calories per day would require 83g of fat. (3000 x 0.25/9). There are ‘good’ and ‘bad’ fats. Good fats include nuts, seeds, olives, fish, beans, tofu and avocado.
Frequency – Simply stated, fuel your body like a fire. If you feed your body good quality fuel (lean protein, low fat dairy, fruit, vegetables, whole grains) you will have optimal energy for exceptional performance. If you put in a bunch of straw (processed food) you’ll die out quickly and as well as your athletic achievements. As a rule of thumb, do not go more than 4 hours without putting kindling on your fire. On some days you need to fuel more often but rarely do you need to fuel less.
Kameo Campisi, RD
Chief, Outpatient Nutrition Clinic Element